Energy harvesting — technology that can capture and store energy from external sources like the sun and movement — first took hold in wireless sensor networks in industrial settings. Picture a massive factory that uses a wireless sensor network to monitor vital machinery to make sure it remains in top mechanical shape, but instead of using costly batteries that have a limited lifetime to power the sensors, the vibrations emitted from the machinery also power them. While this technology is still gaining a foothold in commercial and industrial settings, it’s starting to look as if energy-harvesting wireless sensors could be entering the home, too.
One promising sign is the fact that the ZigBee Alliance, a trade group made up of stakeholders in the wireless networking industry, is developing a standard for devices that use energy harvesting to capture and store power. It should be published by the end of the year. The standard will define several ways that energy harvesting will work with Zigbee-based wireless sensor networks: It will determine the type of power that the harvester will provide — for example, a light switch that relies on the mechanical energy of a human flicking a switch will create short bursts of power to the network — and it will also help ensure that energy-harvesting devices made by different manufactures will be able to interoperate and will send data upstream over the Zigbee network in a predictable manner.
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